Economic Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Trade, India (1971 - 1972)

Chief Economic Advisor, Ministry of Finance, India (1972 - 1976)

Director, Reserve Bank of India (1976 - 1980)

Secretary, Ministry of Finance (Department of Economic Affairs), Government of India (Nov 1976 - April 1980)

Member-Secretary, Planning Commission (April 1980 - 15 Sep 1982)

Chairman, India Committee of the Indo-Japan Joint Study Committee (1980 - 1983)

Governor, Reserve Bank of India (16 Sep 1982 - 14 Jan 1985)

Alternate Governor for India, Board of Governors, I.M.F. (1982 - 1985)

Member, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (1983 - 1984)

President, Indian Economic Association (1985)

Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission (15 Jan 1985 - 31 July 1987)

Secretary-General and Commissioner, South Commission, Geneva (1 Aug 1987 - 10 Nov 1990)

Advisor to the Prime Minister of India on Economic Affairs (10 Dec 1990 - 14 March 1991)

Chairman, U.G.C. (15 March 1991 - 20 June 1991)

Union Finance Minister (21 June 1991 - 15 May 1996)

Elected to Rajya Sabha (Oct 1991)

Governor for India on the Board of Governors of the I.M.F. and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (1991 - 1995)

Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (June 1995)

Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Finance (1996 - May 2004)

Chairman, Parliamentary Standing Committee on Commerce (1 Aug 1996 - 4 Dec 1997)

Leader of the Opposition, Rajya Sabha (21 March 1998 - 21 May 2004)

Member, Committee on Finance (5 June 1998 - Feb 2004)

Member, Committee on Rules (13 Aug 1998 - 21 May 2004)

Member, Committee of Privileges (13 Aug 1998 - 2001)

Member, Executive Committee, Indian Parliamentary Group (2000 - May 2004)

Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (June 2001)

Member, General Purposes Committee (Aug 2001 - May 2004)

Prime Minister of India (22 May 2004 onwards)

Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (June 2007)